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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Vaccination indications and limits in the elderly.

Tina K Triglav1, Mario Poljak

  • 1Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Corresponding author: mario.poljak@mf.uni-lj.si.

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, Et Adriatica
|October 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vaccination in older adults is less effective, but recommended vaccines like influenza and pneumococcal can reduce disease severity. New advances offer hope for better elderly immunization strategies and lifelong vaccine schedules.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Infections pose significant risks to elderly health, causing widespread morbidity and mortality.
  • Older adults exhibit a diminished immune response to vaccinations compared to younger individuals.
  • Current recommendations include influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis vaccines for those over 60.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current recommended vaccines in the elderly population.
  • To explore the challenges in achieving adequate immune responses in older adults.
  • To discuss emerging strategies for enhancing elderly vaccination efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current vaccination recommendations and their impact on elderly health outcomes.
  • Analysis of immune response variability in elderly individuals post-vaccination.
  • Examination of recent advancements in vaccine technology and adjuvant development.

Main Results:

  • Only the tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis vaccine consistently elicits an adequate antibody response in the elderly.
  • Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines demonstrate efficacy in mitigating disease severity.
  • The herpes zoster vaccine offers partial prevention of reactivation and reduces postherpetic neuralgia complications.

Conclusions:

  • Improving vaccination strategies for the elderly is crucial for public health.
  • Novel adjuvants and vaccine technologies present promising avenues for enhanced immune responses.
  • A shift towards lifelong vaccination schedules is necessary to maintain population health and achieve herd immunity.