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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Micellization model for the polymerization of clathrin baskets.

M Muthukumar1, Ralph Nossal

  • 1Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 5, 2013
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Summary

Clathrin triskelions form polyhedral baskets when their concentration is high enough. A thermodynamic model reveals how triskelion properties influence basket formation and size.

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ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process.
  • Clathrin self-assembles into polyhedral structures (baskets) essential for vesicle formation.
  • Understanding the physical principles governing clathrin assembly is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a thermodynamic model for clathrin basket formation.
  • To identify key parameters influencing clathrin polymerization.
  • To predict the size and stability of clathrin polyhedra.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic modeling of clathrin triskelion assembly.
  • Analysis analogous to micelle formation studies.
  • Derivation of analytical expressions for critical concentration and polyhedron size.
  • Continuum analytic approximation for numerical illustration.

Main Results:

  • A critical clathrin concentration (C(C)) is predicted to be necessary for basket polymerization.
  • The model relates basket energetics to triskelion rigidity, natural curvature, and leg interactions.
  • Analytical expressions show how parameters affect C(C) and the amount of polymerized clathrin.
  • Dependence of polyhedron size on system parameters is quantitatively described.

Conclusions:

  • The thermodynamic model provides a framework for understanding clathrin basket assembly.
  • Triskelion properties critically influence the conditions and outcomes of polymerization.
  • The model offers insights into the physical basis of clathrin structure formation.