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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...

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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

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CO2 laser-based dispersion interferometer utilizing orientation-patterned gallium arsenide for plasma density

D J Bamford¹, E A Cummings, D Panasenko

¹Physical Sciences Inc., 6652 Owens Drive, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 5, 2013

Summary

A new dispersion interferometer uses a carbon dioxide laser and nonlinear crystals to measure plasma electron density. This advancement offers precise measurements for plasma diagnostics with a noise-equivalent line density of 1.7 × 10^17 m⁻²

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Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Nonlinear Optics
Laser Interferometry

Background:

Accurate measurement of electron density is crucial for understanding plasma behavior.
Traditional interferometry methods can face limitations in sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Nonlinear optical techniques offer potential for enhanced diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a novel dispersion interferometer for plasma electron density measurement.
To utilize second-harmonic generation in orientation-patterned gallium arsenide for enhanced sensitivity.
To assess the performance of the interferometer in a pulsed radio-frequency argon plasma.

Main Methods:

A dispersion interferometer was constructed using a carbon dioxide laser and orientation-patterned gallium arsenide nonlinear crystals.
The interferometer employed two nonlinear optical crystals positioned on opposite sides of the plasma.
Electron line densities were measured using a phase-extraction technique combining successive plasma pulses.

Main Results:

The developed interferometer successfully measured electron line densities in a pulsed radio-frequency argon plasma.
A noise-equivalent line density of 1.7 × 10^17 m⁻² was achieved within a 950 kHz detection bandwidth.
Individual and sequential nonlinear crystals demonstrated efficient second-harmonic generation, producing up to 58 mW of peak power.

Conclusions:

The dispersion interferometer based on second-harmonic generation is a viable tool for plasma electron density diagnostics.
The instrument demonstrates good sensitivity and performance in measuring electron line densities.
The use of orientation-patterned gallium arsenide shows promise for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion in plasma diagnostics.