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Positional information and pattern regulation in hydra: enzyme profiles.

N Z Baquer, P McLean, A Hornbruch

    Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology
    |July 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hydra metabolism utilizes amino acids for energy and biosynthesis, with distinct enzyme profiles. Positional cues in hydra may involve redox and phosphorylation states, influencing metabolic pathways.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Hydra possess unique metabolic pathways distinct from mammalian tissues.
    • Understanding hydra's metabolic regulation is key to deciphering its regenerative capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To profile key enzymes in hydra's glucose, amino acid, and redox metabolism.
    • To compare hydra's metabolic profile with mammalian tissues.
    • To investigate metabolic gradients and their role in hydra's positional information.

    Main Methods:

    • Enzyme activity assays for glucose, amino acid, and redox metabolism.
    • Comparative analysis of enzyme profiles between hydra and mammalian tissues.
    • Measurement of 14CO2 formation from labeled glucose to assess pentose phosphate pathway activity.

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  • Assessment of oligomycin's effect on enzyme gradients and metabolic polarity.

    • Main Results:

    • Hydra's metabolism is geared towards amino acid utilization and pyruvate conservation.
    • Notable enzyme differences include low lactate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, with high citrate synthase.
    • Proximal-distal gradients indicate a shift towards anaerobic metabolism and elevated pentose phosphate pathway activity basally.
    • Oligomycin reversed polarity, affecting enzyme gradients except for G6P dehydrogenase, suggesting altered anaerobic metabolism.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydra's metabolic strategy differs significantly from mammals, favoring amino acid catabolism.
    • Positional information in hydra may be encoded by cellular redox and phosphorylation states.
    • The pentose phosphate pathway is functionally active and polarized in hydra, particularly in the basal region.