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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

Published on: October 10, 2011

Liver stem cells: from preface to advancements.

Kanwal Rehman, Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Nureen Zahra

¹Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China. sajidakash@gmail.com.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

|October 5, 2013

Summary

This study explores liver regeneration mechanisms, detailing how hepatic and extra-hepatic stem cells, including oval cells and bone marrow stem cells, contribute to liver repair after injury. Further research is needed to advance stem cell transplantation therapies.

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Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

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Area of Science:

Hepatology and Regenerative Medicine
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

The liver comprises hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, originating from fetal hepatoblasts.
While acute injury triggers hepatocyte and cholangiocyte proliferation, chronic damage impairs this ability, necessitating stem cell contributions.
Hepatic and extra-hepatic stem cells, including facultative liver stem cells (oval cells) and bone marrow-derived cells, are implicated in liver regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide detailed mechanistic insights into hepatic and extra-hepatic stem cell roles in liver regeneration.
To review the functionality and limitations of various liver stem cell populations.
To explore therapeutic applications and challenges of liver stem cell transplantation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on liver stem cells and regeneration.
Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on stem/progenitor cells, hepatocytes, oval cells, bone marrow, and mesenchymal stem cells.
Discussion of mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

Hepatocytes and cholangiocytes proliferate after acute liver injury.
Chronic liver damage can suppress endogenous regenerative capacity, involving stem/progenitor cells.
Bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cells possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities relevant to liver regeneration.

Conclusions:

Understanding the diverse roles of hepatic and extra-hepatic stem cells is crucial for liver regeneration.
Further investigation into stem cell functionality and limitations is required.
This review contributes to advancing therapeutic stem cell transplantation for liver diseases.