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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
09:24

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

Emerging injectable therapies for multiple sclerosis.

Jiwon Oh1, Peter A Calabresi

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The Lancet. Neurology
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging injectable therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) show promise. This review details their mechanisms, trials, and safety, highlighting the need for careful monitoring in clinical practice.

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Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye
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Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye

Published on: March 30, 2020

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
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Published on: April 15, 2014

Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye
06:10

Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye

Published on: March 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment landscape is evolving.
  • Several novel injectable therapies are in development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize emerging injectable therapies for relapsing-remitting MS.
  • To discuss mechanisms, clinical trials, adverse events, and clinical use.

Main Methods:

  • Rapid review of current literature.
  • Analysis of pharmacological mechanisms and clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Multiple monoclonal antibodies (alemtuzumab, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab) show efficacy.
  • Pegylated interferon beta-1a also demonstrates efficacy.
  • Anti-LINGO1 antibody shows potential for remyelination in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • New injectable MS therapies are advancing through clinical trials.
  • Careful monitoring for adverse events is crucial, especially for alemtuzumab.
  • Further research is needed to confirm safety and efficacy for clinical use.