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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients
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Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients

Published on: July 16, 2018

Outer membrane vesicles reflect environmental cues in Gallibacterium anatis.

Ragnhild J Bager1, Gry Persson, Barbara Nesta

  • 1Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

Veterinary Microbiology
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Gallibacterium anatis secretes outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during in vitro growth. These OMVs, influenced by growth conditions, contain key proteins and show potential for vaccine development against poultry diseases.

Keywords:
FhaBGallibacterium anatisOmpAOmpCOuter membrane vesiclestolR deletion

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Published on: February 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Gallibacterium anatis causes significant economic losses in poultry due to salpingitis and peritonitis.
  • Understanding G. anatis virulence factors is crucial for disease prevention.
  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial products with vaccine potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro secretion of OMVs by G. anatis.
  • To characterize the protein composition of G. anatis OMVs.
  • To explore the role of OMV production in G. anatis pathogenesis and its vaccine potential.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SDS-PAGE to analyze OMV production and protein profiles.
  • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for protein identification.
  • Generation of a tolR deletion mutant (ΔtolR) to study OMV formation.

Main Results:

  • G. anatis secretes OMVs in vitro, with production influenced by growth conditions (time, media, temperature).
  • OMVs contain identified proteins including FhaB, a vWA domain-containing protein, OmpC, and OmpA.
  • A ΔtolR mutant exhibited constant, growth-independent OMV production, suggesting peptidoglycan linkage role.

Conclusions:

  • G. anatis produces OMVs in vitro, with regulated production linked to bacterial physiology.
  • The protein content of G. anatis OMVs suggests their involvement in virulence.
  • These OMVs represent a promising avenue for developing vaccines against G. anatis infections in poultry.