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Does anaerobic bacterial antibiosis decrease fungal diversity in oral necrobacillosis disease?

John F Antiabong1, Wayne Boardman, Eric M Adetutu

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.

Research in Veterinary Science
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Oral necrobacillosis (ON) in wallabies shows reduced fungal diversity and populations. Anaerobic bacteria may inhibit fungi in diseased animals, unlike in healthy ones.

Keywords:
Anaerobic bacterial-antibiosisFungal populationMacropodsMicrobial ecologyOral necrobacillosis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Mycology
  • Animal Pathology

Background:

  • Oral necrobacillosis (ON) is a polymicrobial disease affecting captive macropods and livestock.
  • Research on ON primarily focuses on bacterial causes, with limited understanding of fungal involvement.
  • Fungal roles in ON pathogenesis and oral microbiome dynamics remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fungal community structure in wallabies with and without ON.
  • To explore potential mechanisms, including bacterial-fungal interactions, influencing fungal populations during ON.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to analyze fungal DNA.
  • Performed statistical analysis on fungal community structures from healthy and diseased wallaby groups.
  • Conducted in vitro assays to assess bacterial-fungal interactions.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant reduction in fungal species diversity in wallabies with ON.
  • Documented a drastic decrease (>1000 fold) in the overall fungal population in diseased animals.
  • Identified potential anaerobic bacterial antibiosis as a mechanism for fungal reduction in ON.
  • Revealed synergistic bacterial-fungal interactions in healthy oral states.

Conclusions:

  • ON is associated with significant alterations in the oral fungal microbiome.
  • Bacterial-fungal interactions play a crucial role in maintaining oral health or contributing to disease.
  • Findings provide a basis for further epidemiological studies and potential clinical applications.