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Folate: metabolism, genes, polymorphisms and the associated diseases
Fakhira Hassan Nazki1, Aga Syed Sameer, Bashir Ahmad Ganaie
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India.
Folate, essential for DNA synthesis and methylation, is crucial for health. Gene variations and diet impact folate metabolism, potentially leading to diseases like cancer and neural tube defects.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Folate (vitamin B complex) is vital for DNA synthesis and cellular methylation.
- Folate metabolism is influenced by dietary intake and genetic variations (polymorphisms).
- Disruptions in folate metabolism are linked to numerous human diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on folate metabolism.
- To examine the consequences of aberrant folate metabolism.
- To highlight the role of polymorphic genes in folate metabolism and disease development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of folate metabolism processes.
- Analysis of genetic polymorphisms affecting folate metabolism.
- Correlation of aberrant folate metabolism with disease pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Folate's dual role in DNA synthesis and methylation is critical.
- Dietary factors and gene polymorphisms significantly modulate folate metabolism.
- Deviant folate metabolism is implicated in vascular diseases, Down's syndrome, neural tube defects, psychiatric disorders, and cancers.
Conclusions:
- Understanding folate metabolism and its genetic underpinnings is essential for disease prevention and treatment.
- Polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing genes represent key risk factors for various non-communicable diseases.
- Further research into folate metabolism interventions could offer therapeutic strategies for associated pathologies.
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