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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

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Anaphylaxis after contact with a jellyfish.

A G Togias, J W Burnett, A Kagey-Sobotka

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |June 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Anaphylactic reactions to jellyfish stings can cause severe hypotension and bronchospasm. This case highlights histamine release from basophils, transferable via serum, indicating a significant allergic response to sea nettle venom.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Toxicology
    • Marine Biology

    Background:

    • Jellyfish stings are common marine exposures.
    • Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.
    • The specific mechanisms of jellyfish venom-induced anaphylaxis are not fully understood.

    Observation:

    • A patient experienced anaphylaxis, including hypotension and bronchospasm, after a jellyfish sting.
    • Nematocyst venom from the Chesapeake Bay sea nettle was identified as the trigger.
    • The patient's basophils released histamine upon exposure to the venom.

    Findings:

    • The study identified a heat-labile serum factor responsible for passively transferring sensitivity to the venom.
    • This suggests an IgE-mediated or similar immune response to jellyfish venom components.

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  • This is the first reported case of anaphylaxis specifically linked to Chesapeake Bay sea nettle venom.

    • Implications:

    • This case expands the understanding of allergic reactions to marine venoms.
    • It highlights the potential for severe systemic reactions beyond localized pain and swelling.
    • Further research into jellyfish venom allergens and diagnostic markers is warranted.