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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

In vivo Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance in Mice
06:35

In vivo Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance in Mice

Published on: December 18, 2020

Abnormal small airways function in children with mild asthma.

Florian Singer1, Chiara Abbas2, Sophie Yammine3

  • 1University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich; University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern.

Chest
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with mild asthma show increased small airway dysfunction, even with normal spirometry. The single-breath washout (SBW) test effectively detects this early lung disease in pediatric asthma patients.

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Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
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Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

In vivo Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance in Mice
06:35

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Published on: December 18, 2020

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
08:58

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Published on: July 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Asthma Research

Background:

  • Small airways disease is common in adult asthma but poorly understood in children with mild, asymptomatic disease.
  • Standard spirometry often shows normal results in mild pediatric asthma, masking underlying small airway issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess small airways function in children with mild asthma using ventilation heterogeneity.
  • To evaluate the utility of the single-breath washout (SBW) technique in detecting early lung disease in pediatric asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a tidal breath single-breath washout (SBW) technique with double-tracer gas (SDTG) and nitrogen (SN2) to measure ventilation heterogeneity.
  • Compared SBW results in school-aged children with mild asthma (n=31) and healthy controls (n=35).
  • Assessed changes in SBW parameters and spirometry after bronchodilation in children with asthma.

Main Results:

  • Acinar ventilation heterogeneity (SDTG) was significantly elevated in children with asthma, unlike global heterogeneity (SN2).
  • Abnormal SDTG was found in one-third of children with asthma, contrasting with normal FEV1 and FEF25%-75% in most.
  • Bronchodilation led to significant improvements in SDTG, SN2, FEF25%-75%, and FEV1.

Conclusions:

  • Increased acinar ventilation heterogeneity suggests subclinical small airways disease in children with mild asthma and normal spirometry.
  • The easy-to-use tidal SBW technique shows promise as a clinical and research tool for pediatric asthma.