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Related Concept Videos

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I

The Wald-Wolfowitz test, also known as the runs test, is a nonparametric statistical test used to assess the randomness of a sequence of two different types of elements (e.g., positive/negative values, successes/failures). It examines whether the order of the elements in a sequence is random or if there is a pattern or trend present. This nonparametric test applies to any ordered data despite the population and sample data distribution, even if a higher sample size is available.
The test works...
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...
Real Number Operations01:27

Real Number Operations

The concept of real numbers includes all the values that can be represented on a continuous number line. The system began with basic counting values used for enumeration. It later expanded to include values that represent the absence of quantity and opposites of the counting values. When situations required expressing parts of a whole or dividing quantities evenly, values capable of representing such proportions were developed. When written using decimal notation, these values can end or repeat...
Basic Discrete Time Signals01:16

Basic Discrete Time Signals

The unit step sequence is defined as 1 for zero and positive values of the integer n. This sequence can be graphically displayed using a set of eight sample points, showing a step function starting from n=0 and remaining constant thereafter.
The unit impulse or sample sequence is mathematically expressed as zero for all n values except at n=0, where it is one. The unit impulse sequence, denoted by δ(n), is the first difference of the unit step sequence, while the unit step sequence u(n) is the...
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
Critical Numbers and the Closed Interval Method01:21

Critical Numbers and the Closed Interval Method

Understanding the maximum and minimum values of a function is essential for analyzing its overall behavior. These values, often referred to as extrema, provide insight into how a function behaves across its domain. In mathematical terms, extrema can be either local—representing peaks and valleys within a limited region—or absolute, indicating the highest or lowest points over an entire interval.A function’s extrema occur at critical numbers, which are values in the domain where the derivative...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
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WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

Random walks on the mental number line.

Samuel Shaki1, Martin H Fischer

  • 1Ariel University Center, 44837, Ariel, Israel, samuel_shaki@hotmail.com.

Experimental Brain Research
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Number magnitude influences our physical movements, showing a two-way link between thinking and action. This research explores the connection between number processing and spatial navigation during walking.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human motor control

Background:

  • The interplay between abstract concepts (like numbers) and physical actions (like turning) is not fully understood.
  • A common observation is the association between small numbers and left space, and large numbers and right space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional influence between conceptual (number) and motor (lateral turning) activation.
  • To explore the relevance of this conceptual-motor link in real-life activities like walking.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy adults generated random numbers while walking and making lateral turns.
  • The study analyzed the relationship between number generation, turning decisions, and the spatial properties of numbers.

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Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
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WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
04:13

Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults

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Main Results:

  • Lateral turn decisions were predicted by recently generated numbers.
  • The intention to turn influenced the accessibility of small/large numbers.
  • Number magnitude, not order, affected turn selection for auditory number presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a bidirectional influence between conceptual and motor systems.
  • Suggests a hierarchically organized conceptual-motor activation system.
  • Highlights the embodied nature of numerical cognition and its impact on action.