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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
11:38

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease.

Negareh Mousavi1, Anju Nohria

  • 1Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Care Center, 30 The Queensway, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Thoracic radiation effectively treats cancer but increases long-term cardiovascular risks in survivors. Early screening and cardiac follow-up are essential for managing radiation-induced heart disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Thoracic radiation therapy is a vital cancer treatment.
  • It significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events in cancer survivors.
  • Long-term effects include coronary, valvular, pericardial, and myocardial diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and screening recommendations for radiation-induced heart disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of long-term cardiac surveillance in patients treated with thoracic radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations.
  • Summary of current screening and prevention guidelines.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
11:38

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

Main Results:

  • Radiation heart disease encompasses a range of cardiovascular complications, including premature coronary artery disease, valvular dysfunction, and myocardial abnormalities.
  • These effects can manifest decades after radiation exposure.
  • The risk of cardiac complications is substantially elevated post-irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term cardiovascular sequelae are a significant concern for thoracic radiation survivors.
  • Regular cardiac screening and follow-up are crucial for early detection and management.
  • Proactive management can mitigate the impact of radiation-induced heart disease.