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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

Paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

P Généreux1, S Kodali, R Hahn

  • 1Columbia University Medical Center New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, NY, USA - mleon@crf.org.

Minerva Cardioangiologica
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Paravalvular leak (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is common and may increase mortality. Understanding PVL

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
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Published on: February 8, 2022

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a frequent complication following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
  • PVL occurs at a higher rate after TAVR compared to conventional surgical aortic valve replacement.
  • Emerging data suggest a potential association between PVL and increased late mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on post-TAVR PVL.
  • To better understand the incidence, progression, and clinical impact of PVL after TAVR.
  • To guide future research on PVL assessment, prevention, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes existing literature on paravalvular leak after TAVR.
  • Focuses on prevalence, assessment methods, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • PVL is a common complication of TAVR.
  • Inconsistent assessment methods and timing complicate understanding of PVL prevalence and severity.
  • PVL may be linked to increased late mortality, warranting further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization of PVL assessment is crucial for understanding its true clinical impact.
  • Further research is needed to address the prevention and management of PVL post-TAVR.
  • PVL remains a significant complication requiring focused research and clinical attention.