Mechanical processing of hyperviscous semen specimens can negatively affect sperm DNA fragmentation

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Andrology
• Spermatozoa Analysis

Background:

• Semen viscosity is a seminal parameter that may influence sperm function.
• The impact of semen viscosity on sperm DNA fragmentation is not fully understood.
• Investigating the effect of viscosity reduction techniques on sperm DNA integrity is crucial for assisted reproductive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare sperm DNA fragmentation in human semen samples with varying viscosities (reduced, physiological, increased).
• To evaluate if the mechanical process of reducing semen viscosity alters sperm DNA fragmentation.

Main Methods:

• Semen samples from 123 patients were analyzed for viscosity.
• Hyperviscous samples were processed using a syringe and 18-gauge needle to reduce viscosity.
• Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the TUNEL assay (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick-end labelling assay).
• Fragmentation was measured before and after mechanical processing in hyperviscous samples.

Main Results:

• No significant difference in sperm DNA fragmentation was found between semen samples with reduced, physiological, or increased viscosity (P = 0.857).
• A significant increase in sperm DNA fragmentation was observed after the mechanical expulsion of hyperviscous semen through a syringe and needle (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:

• Semen viscosity itself does not correlate with sperm DNA fragmentation levels.
• The physical manipulation of semen, specifically expulsion through a syringe and needle, can induce sperm DNA fragmentation.
• Clinicians should be aware that viscosity reduction methods may impact sperm DNA integrity.