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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Oral Cavity01:11

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

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Published on: March 29, 2018

Micronutrients and oral clefts: a case-control study.

C M McKinney1, B Chowchuen, W Pitiphat

  • 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Maternal intake of vitamins or liver consumption may reduce the risk of oral clefts (CL ± P). Conversely, menstrual regulation supplements might increase this risk in Thailand.

Keywords:
cleft lipcleft palateepidemiologymultivitaminsupplementsvitamins

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Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Oral clefts (CL ± P) are common birth defects with poorly understood risk factors, especially in developing nations.
  • Limited research exists on the impact of maternal micronutrient intake and environmental exposures on oral clefts in Thailand.
  • Periconceptional maternal factors are crucial for preventing congenital anomalies like oral clefts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify maternal micronutrient and environmental risk factors for oral clefts in Thailand.
  • To investigate the association between maternal multivitamin and liver consumption and CL ± P risk.
  • To examine the potential link between menstrual regulation supplements and increased CL ± P risk.

Main Methods:

  • A multisite hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Thailand.
  • Cases with CL ± P and controls (live births) were recruited from the same hospitals.
  • Maternal questionnaires and conditional logistic regression were used to analyze risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Maternal vitamin intake was associated with a reduced risk of CL ± P (adjusted OR, 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.94).
  • Maternal liver consumption showed a significant protective effect against CL ± P (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.57).
  • Use of menstrual regulation supplements was linked to a higher likelihood of having a child with CL ± P.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal vitamin and liver consumption may serve as protective factors against oral clefts.
  • Menstrual regulation supplements could be an environmental risk factor for oral clefts.
  • Liver consumption presents a potential low-cost primary prevention strategy for oral clefts if findings are replicated.