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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

DNA damage responses in prokaryotes: regulating gene expression, modulating growth patterns, and manipulating

Kenneth N Kreuzer1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial DNA damage responses, primarily the SOS pathway, are crucial for survival and genetic variation. Recent research reveals diverse roles and regulation mechanisms beyond the SOS pathway, including cell-cycle checkpoints and programmed cell death.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacterial DNA damage responses are critical for microbial survival and evolution.
  • The SOS pathway is a central mechanism, but its diversity across species is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in bacterial DNA damage response mechanisms.
  • To highlight the diverse physiological roles and regulation of the SOS pathway.
  • To explore DNA damage responses beyond the SOS pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on bacterial DNA damage responses.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of SOS induction and regulation.
  • Examination of cell-cycle checkpoints and programmed cell death pathways.

Main Results:

  • The SOS pathway plays a major role in genetic exchange and variation.
  • SOS pathway functions are diverse and have evolved differently in various bacteria.
  • Multiple LexA-independent DNA damage response pathways exist.
  • Cell-cycle checkpoints and programmed cell death contribute to bacterial survival after DNA damage.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial DNA damage responses are complex and multifaceted, extending beyond the canonical SOS pathway.
  • Understanding these responses is key to comprehending bacterial adaptation and evolution.
  • Future research should continue to explore the breadth of these regulatory networks.