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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Bouncing Ball with a Uniformly Varying Velocity in a Metronome Synchronization Task

Bouncing Ball with a Uniformly Varying Velocity in a Metronome Synchronization Task

Published on: September 21, 2017

Major changes in a rhythmic ball-bouncing task occur at age 7 years.

Christophe Bazile¹, Isabelle A Siegler, Nicolas Benguigui

¹Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.

|October 8, 2013

Summary

Children under 7 struggle with ball bouncing due to poor coordination. After age 7, visual feedback improves rhythmic skill development and performance in this perceptual-motor task.

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Motor Skill Acquisition
Perceptual-Motor Coordination

Background:

Rhythmic skill development is crucial for various motor tasks.
Understanding age-related changes in coordination is essential for developmental research.
Previous research highlights the importance of visual feedback in motor learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental trajectory of rhythmic ball bouncing skills in children aged 5 to 12.
To identify age-specific changes in perceptual-motor coordination during a virtual ball bouncing task.
To analyze the emergence and refinement of coordination strategies based on visual information.

Main Methods:

Five age groups (5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12 years, and young adults) participated.
Participants performed a virtual ball bouncing task across 16 trials.
Analysis included task performance, racket oscillation, ball-racket impacts, and coupling dynamics.

Main Results:

A significant shift in performance and behavior was observed around age 7.
Younger children (under 7) displayed limited coordination, high oscillation frequency, and poor performance.
Older children demonstrated progressive acquisition of adaptive coordination using visual information, leading to improved performance with age.

Conclusions:

Capability for the ball bouncing task changes rapidly across childhood.
A critical developmental transition in coordination occurs around age 7.
Visual feedback plays a key role in acquiring and refining rhythmic motor skills.