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Are two interviews better than one? eyewitness memory across repeated cognitive interviews.

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Repeating a Cognitive Interview can enhance eyewitness recall, increasing the amount of information without sacrificing accuracy. This suggests a second interview is valuable for gathering more details from witnesses.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Eyewitness testimony is crucial in legal investigations.
  • The Cognitive Interview (CI) is a widely used technique to enhance memory retrieval.
  • Understanding factors affecting CI effectiveness is vital for improving information gathering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of delay intervals and interviewer consistency on eyewitness recall using the Cognitive Interview.
  • To assess the effects of repeated interviews on memory accuracy and the phenomenon of hypermnesia.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were interviewed twice about a filmed event using the Cognitive Interview.
  • Varied delays (immediate, 2 days, 7 days, 9 days) and interviewer identities (same/different) were manipulated.
  • Recall accuracy and the occurrence of hypermnesia and reminiscence were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Hypermnesia (increased recall) was observed without a significant decrease in overall accuracy.
  • Reminiscence (recall of new information) occurred but was less pronounced with longer delays.
  • While errors increased, the relative accuracy of recalled details remained largely unaffected.
  • Calculating accuracy across both interviews showed a slight decrease compared to the first interview alone.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated Cognitive Interviews can yield more information from eyewitnesses, even with significant delays.
  • Witnesses may not disclose all information in a single interview, highlighting the benefit of follow-up interviews.
  • Interviewer consistency did not significantly impact the quantity or accuracy of recalled information.