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Acne Infection01:27

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Compound Acne Rodent Model Using C. acnes and Oleic Acid
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Acitretin.

Noelani E Gonzalez Ortiz1, Rajiv I Nijhawan, Jeffrey M Weinberg

  • 1Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acitretin, a synthetic retinoid, is approved for severe psoriasis unresponsive to topical treatments. Due to teratogenicity, it

Keywords:
acitretinmucocutaneouspsoriasisretinoidteratogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acitretin is a synthetic retinoid and the active metabolite of etretinate.
  • It is FDA-approved as a second-line treatment for severe psoriasis.
  • Acitretin is also considered for various pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the therapeutic applications and limitations of acitretin.
  • To highlight its role in managing severe and resistant psoriasis.
  • To discuss its chemopreventative potential and safety concerns.

Main Methods:

  • Review of acitretin's pharmacological properties.
  • Analysis of its approved indications and clinical use in psoriasis.
  • Evaluation of its safety profile, including teratogenicity and side effects.

Main Results:

  • Acitretin is effective for severe psoriasis, particularly when topical therapies fail.
  • It shows promise in chemoprevention.
  • Significant teratogenicity limits its use in women of childbearing potential.
  • Common side effects include mucocutaneous dryness and elevated triglycerides.

Conclusions:

  • Acitretin is a valuable treatment for severe, recalcitrant psoriasis.
  • Its teratogenic potential necessitates strict precautions, especially in women of childbearing age.
  • Monitoring for side effects like dryness and hypertriglyceridemia is crucial.