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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
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miRNAs in brain development.

Rebecca Petri1, Josephine Malmevik1, Liana Fasching1

  • 1Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Experimental Cell Research
|October 9, 2013
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital for brain development and neuronal function. This review highlights their importance in the central nervous system using mouse models and discusses future technological needs.

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BrainDevelopmentmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • A significant number of miRNAs are expressed in the brain, crucial for development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of miRNAs in brain development, primarily using mouse models.
  • To identify current technical limitations in miRNA research and suggest future technological advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on miRNA function in central nervous system development.
  • Analysis of conditional knockout mouse models (e.g., Dicer, DGCR8) and specific miRNA-deleted models.
  • Discussion of proposed cellular functions regulated by miRNAs, including neural progenitor differentiation and fate determination.

Main Results:

  • Evidence confirms miRNAs are essential for central nervous system development.
  • Specific miRNAs and miRNA clusters play diverse roles in different brain structures.
  • miRNAs regulate key cellular processes like neural progenitor differentiation and fate determination.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are indispensable regulators of brain development and neuronal function.
  • Further technological innovation is required to fully elucidate the impact of specific miRNAs.
  • Mouse models are instrumental in understanding miRNA roles in neurodevelopment.