Cellular complexity of the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, laura_calvi@urmc.rochester.edu.
Calcified Tissue International
|October 9, 2013
Summary
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow produce billions of blood cells daily. Microenvironmental niche signals, alongside cell-autonomous processes, regulate HSC fate and function.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Stem Cell Biology
- Microenvironment Biology
Background:
- The skeleton is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adult vertebrates.
- Hematopoiesis requires daily production of over 500 billion blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
- HSCs are multipotent adult stem cells residing in the bone marrow, capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the cellular regulatory components of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche.
- To explore the microenvironmental regulation of HSC fate choices.
- To understand the interplay between intrinsic HSC properties and extrinsic niche signals.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on HSC biology and bone marrow microenvironment.
- Analysis of advances in flow cytometry and genetic models for studying HSC regulation.
- Highlighting cellular components within the HSC niche.
Main Results:
- HSC fate is influenced by both stochastic, cell-autonomous processes and signals from the microenvironment.
- The bone marrow niche provides regulatory signals critical for HSC function.
- Recent technological advancements have improved understanding of HSC niche interactions.
Conclusions:
- The HSC niche plays a crucial role in regulating stem cell fate, including quiescence, self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- Understanding the cellular regulators of the HSC niche is essential for comprehending hematopoiesis.
- Future research directions may focus on further elucidating the complex interactions within the HSC niche.
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