Neurogenic control of cerebral circulation

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Vascular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The cerebral vasculature possesses a complex neuromuscular apparatus involving perivascular nerves and smooth muscle.
• Cerebral perivascular nerves contain a wide array of neurotransmitters, including classical and non-classical agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the neurochemical makeup of cerebral perivascular nerves.
• To discuss the functional roles of these neurotransmitters in vascular control.
• To explore potential links between neurovascular mechanisms and migraine pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cerebral neurovascular mechanisms.
• Discussion of identified neurotransmitters and their proposed roles.
• Exploration of speculative mechanisms related to migraine.

Main Results:

• Identified numerous neurotransmitters in cerebral perivascular nerves: serotonin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and others.
• Highlighted the role of adenosine-5'-triphosphate as a cotransmitter and endothelial cells in vasodilation.
• Proposed mechanisms linking neurovascular function to migraine, such as vasospasm and neurogenic inflammation.

Conclusions:

• Cerebral perivascular nerves employ a diverse range of neurotransmitters, influencing vascular tone.
• Neurovascular mechanisms, including the actions of specific neurotransmitters, are implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate these complex neurovascular interactions.