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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
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Biological heart valves.

Anatol Ciubotaru, Serghei Cebotari, Igor Tudorache

    Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering
    |October 9, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Biological heart valve replacements offer advantages but lack durability. Tissue engineering aims to create durable, autologous valves that can grow, potentially eliminating repeat surgeries for patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Biomaterials Science
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Cardiac valvular pathologies affect all age groups, necessitating approximately 300,000 heart valve operations annually worldwide.
    • Tissue valve prostheses offer biocompatibility and avoid lifelong anticoagulation, but their durability remains a significant limitation.
    • Despite durability concerns, biological valve replacements have increased in popularity, now accounting for over three-quarters of all valve implantations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore advancements in cardiac valve prostheses, focusing on improving durability and patient quality of life.
    • To highlight the potential of heart valve tissue engineering in creating durable, autologous valve replacements.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current trends in biological valve fabrication, including new designs, tissue treatments, and implantation techniques.
    • Examination of tissue engineering strategies for developing 'autologous' heart valves.

    Main Results:

    • Continuous improvements in biological valve fabrication are enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
    • Heart valve tissue engineering shows promise for creating adaptive, growth-capable prostheses.

    Conclusions:

    • Tissue engineering offers a promising avenue for developing durable, autologous heart valves that could adapt and grow.
    • This approach may reduce the need for reoperations, particularly in pediatric and growing patient populations.