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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Skin cancers in elderly patients.

Giulia Malaguarnera1, Maria Giordano, Alessandro Cappellani

  • 1International PhD Program in Neuropharmacology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario - Via S. Sofia, 78 - 95123 Catania, Italy. m.malaguarnera@email.it.

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
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Skin cancer is common in older adults, with age-related changes in cell repair and immune function increasing risk. Diagnosis and treatment strategies for skin cancer in the elderly require age-specific considerations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Geriatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Skin cancer is a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in aging populations.
  • Age is an independent risk factor for skin cancer due to prolonged carcinogen exposure and diminished cellular repair mechanisms.
  • Immunosenescence, characterized by altered Natural Killer (NK) cell and T-cell functions, impacts anti-tumor surveillance in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique aspects of skin cancer in older individuals.
  • To discuss the influence of aging on carcinogenesis and immune response.
  • To outline age-specific diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for skin cancer in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on skin cancer, aging, and immunology.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in cellular repair and immune surveillance.
  • Comparison of diagnostic and treatment approaches for skin cancer in younger versus older patients.

Main Results:

  • Older individuals face increased skin cancer risk due to cumulative exposures and reduced cellular repair.
  • Age-related immune system alterations, including decreased T-cell function, impair anti-tumor responses.
  • Diagnostic criteria (e.g., Breslow depth for melanoma) and treatment decisions must be tailored to the elderly patient's performance status and compliance.

Conclusions:

  • Skin cancer in older adults presents distinct biological and clinical challenges.
  • Age-related physiological changes necessitate specialized approaches to skin cancer management.
  • Personalized treatment strategies considering patient performance status are crucial for effective skin cancer care in the elderly.