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Human platelet antigens - 2013.

B R Curtis1, J G McFarland

  • 1Platelet & Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) are key in alloimmune disorders like FNAIT and PTP. Understanding these 33 HPAs on platelet glycoproteins is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopeniaplatelet antigensplatelet refractoriness

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • 33 human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) identified on six platelet glycoprotein (GP) complexes.
  • HPAs are implicated in alloimmune platelet disorders such as fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), posttransfusion purpura (PTP), and multitransfusion platelet refractoriness (MPR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of human platelet alloantigens (HPAs).
  • To highlight the significance of HPAs in various alloimmune platelet disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human platelet alloantigens.
  • Analysis of HPA distribution on platelet glycoprotein complexes.

Main Results:

  • 20 of 33 HPAs are located on the GPIIb/IIIa complex, crucial for hemostasis and inflammation.
  • HPA-1a is the most frequent HPA in FNAIT and PTP among Caucasians.
  • 12 HPAs form six biallelic systems, while 21 are low-frequency or rare.

Conclusions:

  • HPAs, particularly those on GPIIb/IIIa, play a significant role in alloimmune platelet disorders.
  • Understanding HPA systems and rare antigens is vital for managing FNAIT, PTP, and MPR.
  • Platelet antigens like ABO and HLA also contribute to alloimmune conditions.