Pellagra in a child--a rare entity

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Dermatology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Pellagra, a condition resulting from niacin deficiency, is uncommon in pediatric populations.
• While typically associated with alcoholism or malabsorption syndromes, pediatric pellagra is exceptionally rare.
• This case focuses on a unique presentation of pellagra in a child.

Observation:

• An 11-year-old girl presented with distinct, symmetrical skin lesions.
• Lesions were characterized as hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic, thick, and scaly plaques with surrounding erythema.
• Affected areas included the hands, arms, feet, legs, and neck sides.

Findings:

• The patient received a therapeutic dose of 100 mg of Nicotinamide.
• Rapid and complete resolution of the characteristic skin lesions was observed post-treatment.
• The child's overall condition improved significantly following nicotinamide administration.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering nutritional deficiencies, such as niacin deficiency, in pediatric dermatological presentations.
• Early diagnosis and treatment with Nicotinamide can lead to rapid and effective recovery in pediatric pellagra.
• Highlights the successful management of a rare childhood condition through targeted nutritional supplementation.