Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 7, 2026
14:18
Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
Published on: February 28, 2016
11.0K
Polarization-time coding for PDL mitigation in long-haul PolMux OFDM systems
Optics Express
|October 10, 2013
Summary
Polarization-Time (PT) codes effectively mitigate Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) in long-haul optical fiber transmissions. This study validates PT codes
Area of Science:
- Optical Communications
- Signal Processing
- Information Theory
Background:
- Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) significantly degrades performance in polarization-multiplexed (PolMux) coherent optical fiber systems.
- Existing Space-Time (ST) codes, developed for wireless channels, require adaptation for optical transmission impairments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of Polarization-Time (PT) codes in mitigating PDL in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based coherent optical transmissions.
- To analyze the performance gains and design criteria for PDL-mitigating codes in optical channels.
Main Methods:
- Numerical simulations evaluating PT code performance (Silver and Golden codes) in a 2x2 MIMO optical channel model with PDL.
- Theoretical analysis using an upper bound on error probability to derive a code design criterion.
- Experimental validation using a 1,000 km optical fiber link with inline PDL.
Main Results:
- PT codes demonstrate significant PDL mitigation, with the Silver code outperforming the Golden code.
- Coding gains from PT codes and Forward-Error-Correction (FEC) codes are shown to be aggregate.
- Experimental results confirm numerical and theoretical findings, showing improved Q-factor distributions.
Conclusions:
- PT codes are a viable solution for PDL mitigation in long-haul coherent optical systems.
- The derived theoretical framework provides a design guideline for optimal PDL-mitigating codes.
- The study confirms enhanced mean Q-factor and narrowed variance with PT coding in experimental transmissions.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control
447
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
447
01:29Potential Due to a Polarized Object
949
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
949
01:07Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control
501
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
501
01:01Group Polarization
31.3K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
31.3K
01:31Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor
5.5K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
5.5K
01:20Power Factor Correction
807
The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
807