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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Overview
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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

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Meningococcal disease and the complement system.

Lisa A Lewis1, Sanjay Ram1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA USA.

Virulence
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system is crucial for defending against meningococcal disease. Meningococci evade complement through various mechanisms, impacting disease severity and vaccine development.

Keywords:
Neisseria meningitidiscomplementcomplement deficiencymeningococcussepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Meningococcal disease causes significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • The complement system is vital for innate immunity against Neisseria meningitidis.
  • Deficiencies in complement pathways predispose individuals to invasive meningococcal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the complement system in meningococcal sepsis pathogenesis.
  • To discuss meningococcal evasion mechanisms targeting human complement.
  • To highlight the relevance of complement interactions in vaccine antigen research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on meningococcal pathogenesis and complement interactions.
  • Analysis of studies on complement deficiencies and invasive meningococcal disease.
  • Examination of microbial factors involved in complement evasion.

Main Results:

  • Meningococci employ multiple, often redundant, strategies to evade complement-mediated killing.
  • Capsular polysaccharide and lipooligosaccharide composition are key factors in complement evasion.
  • Interactions between novel vaccine antigens and complement components are areas of active research.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system plays a central role in the defense against and pathogenesis of meningococcal disease.
  • Understanding meningococcal complement evasion is critical for developing effective treatments and vaccines.
  • Further research into complement-pathogen interactions can inform future therapeutic strategies.