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Epigenetics, autism spectrum, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Sampathkumar Rangasamy1, Santosh R D'Mello, Vinodh Narayanan

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Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for neural development. Dysregulation of these DNA and histone modifications is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), suggesting new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic marks (DNA and histone modifications) are vital for cellular identity and heritability.
  • Epigenetic programming is essential for proper neuron development.
  • Alterations in epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neurodevelopmental disorders associated with epigenetic dysregulation.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
  • To explore potential novel therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epigenetic dysregulation in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Analysis of genes involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling in ASDs.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms in selected syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a significant factor in various neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Genes linked to ASDs often encode proteins involved in epigenetic processes.
  • Specific syndromes like Rett, fragile X, Prader-Willi, Angelman, and Kabuki syndromes exhibit epigenetic alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in neural development and are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Understanding the altered epigenetic landscape in disorders like ASDs offers insights into their pathogenesis.
  • Advances in epigenetic research may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies for these conditions.