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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Generation and evolution of the terahertz vortex beam.

Jingwen He, Xinke Wang, Dan Hu

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    |October 10, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers designed ultrathin vortex phase plates to create terahertz (THz) optical vortices. These plates enable detailed analysis of THz vortex beam propagation, confirming theoretical predictions with high accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Terahertz (THz) Technology
    • Metamaterials

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) optical vortices are crucial for advanced applications.
    • Generating and characterizing THz vortex beams with controlled topological charges remains challenging.
    • Ultrathin meta-surfaces offer a promising route for THz beam manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and demonstrate ultrathin vortex phase plates for generating THz optical vortices.
    • To experimentally characterize the far-field propagation properties of THz vortex beams.
    • To validate the experimental results with theoretical simulations.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of complementary V-shaped antenna structures for ultrathin vortex phase plates.
    • Utilizing a terahertz holographic imaging system for complex field information acquisition.
    • Analysis of far-field propagation characteristics including rotation, twist direction, and Gouy phase shift.
    • Simulation using analytic Laguerre-Gaussian mode for comparison.

    Main Results:

    • Successful generation of THz optical vortices with different topological charges.
    • Direct acquisition of two-dimensional complex field information for a THz vortex beam (l=1).
    • Detailed analysis of beam propagation properties, showing good agreement between experimental and simulation data.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultrathin vortex phase plates are effective for generating THz optical vortices.
    • The designed plates allow for precise control and characterization of THz vortex beams.
    • The study validates the theoretical models for THz vortex beam propagation.