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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
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Pediatric glaucoma terminology.

Anuradha Ganesh1, Dang Tam Mai, Alex V Levin

  • 1Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma encompasses various disorders with diverse origins. Precise clinical and molecular classification is crucial for accurate genetic diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Keywords:
classificationgeneticspediatric glaucomaterminology

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a complex group of eye conditions.
  • It presents with varied onset, ocular findings, and systemic associations.
  • Accurate classification is essential for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance geneticists' understanding of glaucoma.
  • To highlight the importance of precise terminology in genetic diagnosis.
  • To facilitate better clinical genetic diagnosis of glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of glaucoma classification systems.
  • Analysis of clinical and molecular diagnostic criteria.
  • Emphasis on detailed terminology in genetic reports.

Main Results:

  • Glaucoma is not a single entity but a spectrum of disorders.
  • Clinical and molecular specifications significantly impact diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Standardized terminology improves genetic counseling and treatment planning.

Conclusions:

  • Detailed classification of glaucoma is vital for geneticists.
  • Precise terminology aids in accurate diagnosis, counseling, and treatment.
  • Understanding glaucoma's heterogeneity is key for effective genetic management.