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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Significant advancements in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment over the past two decades.
    • Current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) show efficacy mainly in reducing relapse rates.
    • Limitations exist in addressing the overall disease course and progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the progress in MS treatment development.
    • To highlight the clinical indications and constraints of existing DMTs.
    • To discuss emerging therapeutic interventions for MS.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review of published studies on MS treatments.
    • Analysis of clinical trial data for approved and investigational therapies.
    • Synthesis of current evidence on treatment efficacy and safety.

    Main Results:

    • Established DMTs offer benefits primarily concerning relapse frequency.
    • Limited evidence for current therapies significantly altering long-term disease progression.
    • Several novel therapeutic strategies are under investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • While progress in MS treatment is evident, a need persists for therapies with broader efficacy.
    • Understanding the indications and limitations of current DMTs is crucial for clinical practice.
    • Ongoing research holds promise for future interventions targeting multiple aspects of MS pathogenesis.