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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Quantitative Examination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Aggregates Using ATP-utilization Commercial Assays and Live/Dead Staining
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Current and future treatment options for gonorrhoea.

Catherine A Ison1, Carolyn Deal, Magnus Unemo

  • 1Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Unit, Microbiological Services, Public Health England, , London, UK.

Sexually Transmitted Infections
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Antimicrobial resistance in gonorrhoea threatens effective treatment. This review explores future strategies, including higher-dose antibiotics, combination therapies, and the potential for a new gonococcal vaccine.

Keywords:
GonorrhoeaNeisseria gonorrhoeaeantimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial treatmentcefiximeceftriaxone

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Effective antimicrobial therapy is crucial for controlling gonorrhoea, especially without a vaccine.
  • Historical single-dose treatments led to antimicrobial resistance, necessitating new approaches.
  • Decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and a lack of new drugs pose a threat of untreatable gonorrhoea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and future treatment strategies for gonorrhoea.
  • To address the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • To consider the feasibility of developing a gonococcal vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antimicrobial therapy for gonorrhoea.
  • Analysis of surveillance data informing treatment guidelines.
  • Discussion of emerging treatment options and vaccine development.

Main Results:

  • Successive antimicrobial agents have failed due to resistance.
  • Extended-spectrum cephalosporins show decreased susceptibility and treatment failures.
  • The threat of difficult-to-treat or untreatable gonorrhoea is a growing concern.

Conclusions:

  • Future gonorrhoea treatment may involve higher-dose ceftriaxone, dual antimicrobial therapy, or repurposed drugs.
  • Rapid point-of-care tests could guide the use of older agents.
  • Revisiting gonococcal vaccine development is warranted given scientific advancements.