Coronary vascular hemodynamic and permeability changes during reperfusion after no-flow ischemia in isolated,...

Effects of diltiazem on coronary vascular functional integrity were assessed in isolated rabbit hearts during reperfusion after 30 min of global, no-flow ischemia. External detection of radiolabeled albumin, [125I]bovine serum albumin ([125I]BSA), and compartmental-model analysis were used to estimate the mean transit time of [125I]BSA (tBSA), vascular volume (V1), and vascular into extravascular space clearance (F21) for [125I]BSA. Perfusion pressure, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, LV developed pressure, maximum +dP/dt, and V1 remained constant during 5 h of continuous perfusion, while tBSA and F21 gradually increased (1.5 and 2.4 times baseline, respectively). Diltiazem, 4 microM, increased total water content (8.5%) and decreased perfusion pressure (11%), LV developed pressure (22%), and +dP/dt (24%) in nonischemic control experiments, but did not significantly affect estimates of V1, extracellular space, tBSA, or albumin permeation. During reperfusion after 30 min of ischemia, V1 increased 40% and perfusion pressure increased 60%, while tBSA and F21 increased three and eight times baseline, respectively. LV developed pressure and +dP/dt returned to control levels, even though the water content and extracellular space of ischemic hearts were increased significantly. Diltiazem, 4 microM, blocked ischemia-reperfusion-induced increases in water content, extracellular space, vascular resistance, V1, and vascular permeability to [125I]BSA, without reducing LV developed pressure or +dP/dt relative to nonischemic diltiazem controls. These results suggest that protection of ischemic myocardium by diltiazem is mediated, at least in part, by preservation of vascular functional integrity.