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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Confrontation naming errors in Alzheimer's disease.

Chi-Ying Lin1, Ting-Bin Chen, Ker-Neng Lin

  • 1Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
|October 11, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show naming difficulties due to semantic knowledge loss. While both AD and normal individuals make similar error types on the Boston Naming Test (BNT), AD patients commit significantly more errors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Naming difficulties are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), potentially stemming from visual interpretation, semantic conception, or word retrieval deficits.
  • The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a tool used to assess these naming abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying naming difficulties in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • To analyze error patterns in the Chinese version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT-30) in AD patients compared to normal controls (NC).

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 104 mild-to-moderate AD patients and 115 normal control (NC) subjects.
  • Participants completed the 30-item Chinese version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT-30).
  • Analysis included accurate naming rates with semantic and phonemic cues and comparison of 7 error pattern frequencies between groups.

Main Results:

  • AD patients had significantly lower accurate naming rates after semantic cues compared to NC subjects.
  • Phonemic cues were more effective than semantic cues for both groups.
  • AD patients exhibited a higher frequency of all error types, especially nonresponse errors, but the distribution of error patterns was similar between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Naming impairments in AD appear to be linked to progressive degradation of semantic knowledge.
  • The differences in naming error patterns between AD patients and NC subjects are quantitative rather than qualitative.