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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Related Experiment Video

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Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
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Inflammatory bowel diseases: from pathogenesis to laboratory testing.

Daniela Basso, Carlo-Federico Zambon, Mario Plebani

    Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
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    This review covers inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. It details pathogenesis, diagnosis, and novel laboratory biomarkers including fecal and serum markers, and pharmacogenetics for IBD treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Immunology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
    • Understanding IBD pathogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and immune responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current data on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of IBD.
    • To explore novel laboratory biomarkers for IBD diagnosis, prognosis, and disease activity assessment.
    • To discuss the clinical utility of fecal and serum markers, and the role of pharmacogenetics in IBD treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on IBD pathogenesis and diagnostics.
    • Detailed examination of fecal markers: lactoferrin and calprotectin (biochemical properties, pre-analytical/analytical aspects, clinical utility).
    • Analysis of serum markers: established (ASCA, pANCA) and emerging (ACCA, ALCA, AMCA, OmpC), including DNA testing.
    • Exploration of pharmacogenetics in IBD treatment.

    Main Results:

    • IBD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences on the immune system.
    • Fecal markers like lactoferrin and calprotectin offer insights into disease activity.
    • Serum markers, both established and emerging, alongside genetic testing, contribute to IBD diagnosis and management.
    • Pharmacogenetics holds potential for personalized IBD therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel laboratory biomarkers are crucial for advancing IBD diagnosis and management.
    • A comprehensive understanding of IBD pathogenesis aids in biomarker discovery.
    • Integrated approaches using fecal, serum, and genetic markers, alongside pharmacogenetics, are key to improving patient outcomes in IBD.