[Immune responses and immunopathogenesis in infections with dengue virus]

We still have an incomplete understanding of both immunoprotection and immunopathogenesis mechanisms in dengue. Proper balance among the components of the immune response plays an important role in protection as well as in pathogenesis because these impact clinical outcomes and severity of dengue cases. In this article, we review the elements of the immune response that participate in DENV infections, and we contrast the levels of immune effectors in both classic dengue fever and the severe dengue fever cases. We also emphasize the components frequently related to the immunopathogenesis in dengue. It is clear that several effectors are increased or dysregulated in the severe cases. Finally, the global mechanism that contributes to the subversion of the immune system in dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome still requires complete elucidation.