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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

1.9K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1.9K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.3K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.3K
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

4.3K
Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
4.3K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

1.9K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
1.9K
Preparation of Acid Anhydrides01:07

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides

3.2K
One of the methods for preparing symmetrical or unsymmetrical acid anhydrides involves the treatment of acid chlorides with the sodium salt of carboxylic acids. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
The carboxylate ion acts as a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the re-formation of the carbonyl group with the loss of the chloride ion as a leaving group leads to the formation of an acid...
3.2K
Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:08

Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

4.5K
Nitriles undergo acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-catalyzed hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid. These reactions proceed via an amide intermediate.
4.5K

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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

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N'-(2,4-Di-nitro-phen-yl)acetohydrazide monohydrate.

Manel Essid1, Houda Marouani, Salem S Al-Deyab

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|October 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The crystal structure of C8H8N4O5·H2O reveals a 3D network formed by organic molecules and water via hydrogen bonds. Intramolecular interactions and a specific dihedral angle were also observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the intermolecular forces governing crystal packing is crucial in materials science.
  • Hydrogen bonding and other non-covalent interactions dictate the assembly of molecules in the solid state.
  • The specific compound C8H8N4O5·H2O has not been previously characterized in detail.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of C8H8N4O5·H2O.
  • To identify and analyze the hydrogen bonding network and other interactions within the crystal lattice.
  • To determine the conformational aspects of the organic molecule, including dihedral angles.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional crystal structure.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure involved identifying hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.
  • Geometric parameters, including bond lengths, angles, and dihedral angles, were calculated.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C8H8N4O5·H2O was successfully determined.
  • A three-dimensional network was formed through N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between organic molecules and lattice water.
  • A significant intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond and a C-H⋯O interaction were observed, with a dihedral angle of 88.5°.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing of C8H8N4O5·H2O is dominated by an extensive hydrogen bonding network.
  • The observed interactions contribute to the formation of a stable three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
  • The conformational analysis provides insights into the molecular geometry relevant to its solid-state properties.