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Updated: May 7, 2026

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
Published on: July 27, 2018
Multi-level modelling of physical activity in nuclear families
Thayse Natacha Queiroz Ferreira Gomes1, Fernanda Karina Dos Santos, Rui Manuel Garganta
1CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .
Background:
Few studies focus on the different dyadic relations among family members to study physical activity (PA) levels.
Aim:
The aim was to investigate predictors and sources of variance of PA levels in nuclear families using multi-level modelling.
Subjects And Methods:
The sample consisted of 2661 Portuguese four-member nuclear families (10 644 subjects). PA was measured using a questionnaire and socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by parental occupation. Height and weight were measured in children, while parents self-reported their values.
Results:
The results showed that intra-generational similarities were higher than inter-generational, with correlation values of 0.26 and 0.10, respectively. SES was unrelated to any family members' PA level. Being male (β = 0.26, t = 21.77), being older (β = -0.36, t = -4.73) and greater BMI for mothers (β = 0.02, t = 2.55) had effects on individuals' PA.
Conclusion:
These results suggest a strong dyadic resemblance in PA, showed different effects of gender, age and BMI on individuals' PA and demonstrated that multi-level modelling is a useful strategy to study PA in families.
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