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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
2.5K
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
43
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Epilepsy.

Alexander Rotenberg1

  • 1Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive brain stimulation, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), shows promise for controlling seizures. These techniques offer non-drug options for managing difficult-to-treat epilepsy.

Keywords:
TMScortical excitabilitynoninvasive brain stimulationseizurestDCS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Drug-resistant epilepsy remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are gaining traction for neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for seizure control.
  • To explore the diagnostic potential of specialized TMS protocols in epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of open-label and randomized controlled trials on TMS and tDCS for epilepsy.
  • Analysis of TMS protocols for mapping cortical function and excitability.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests TMS and tDCS can suppress seizures.
  • Specialized TMS protocols show potential as diagnostic tools for epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • TMS and tDCS represent viable noninvasive, nonpharmacological strategies for intractable seizure management.
  • These neuromodulation techniques offer new avenues for epilepsy treatment and diagnosis.