Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

3.6K
At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
3.6K
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

2.3K
2.3K
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

43.7K
In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
43.7K
Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

4.3K
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
4.3K
Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

4.7K
4.7K
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

3.1K
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Balancing heterochromatin: ASB7-mediated proteasomal control of H3K9me3 homeostasis.

Science China. Life sciences·2025
Same author

Pharmacological approaches to understanding protein kinase signaling networks.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2024
Same author

Release of Histone H3K4-reading transcription factors from chromosomes in mitosis is independent of adjacent H3 phosphorylation.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Acute brain slice elastic modulus decreases over time.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

Robustness of NanoBiT luciferase complementation technology in the presence of widely used kinase inhibitors.

SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D·2022
Same author

Dissecting the roles of Haspin and VRK1 in histone H3 phosphorylation during mitosis.

Scientific reports·2022
Same journal

A global response contributes to tissue size robustness upon local induction of apoptosis.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Prebilaterian origin of monoaminergic signaling.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

CLASP-dependent microtubule stabilization generates microtubule-based protrusive forces during Drosophila epithelial morphogenesis.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Pigeons make slow, divergent eye movements during flight and large, convergent eye movements when landing.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Temperature signals drive grass secondary cell wall thickening.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Neuronal RNAi and oxygen-sensing circuit shape germline resilience to heat stress.

Current biology : CB·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
06:39

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

8.5K

Chromosome segregation: learning to let go.

Jonathan M G Higgins1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Smith Building Room 538A, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate chromosome segregation relies on controlled sister chromatid cohesion release during mitosis. This study shows how microtubule attachments and kinases regulate cohesin protector Sgo1 at centromeres.

More Related Videos

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

10.6K
Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
09:13

Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Published on: May 12, 2023

5.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
06:39

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

8.5K
Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

10.6K
Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
09:13

Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Published on: May 12, 2023

5.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation is crucial for cell division and preventing aneuploidy.
  • Sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by the cohesin complex, must be released at the correct time during mitosis.
  • Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1) acts as a protector of cohesin at centromeres, preventing its premature removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling distinct centromere populations of Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1).
  • To investigate the roles of microtubule attachments, cyclin-dependent kinases, and the kinetochore kinase Bub1 in Sgo1 regulation.
  • To understand how these factors ensure timely and accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize Sgo1 localization and dynamics.
  • Biochemical assays to assess protein interactions and kinase activities.
  • Genetic manipulation (e.g., gene knockouts/mutations) to study the effects of regulatory factors on Sgo1 function.
  • Live-cell imaging to observe chromosome segregation in real-time.

Main Results:

  • Distinct centromere populations of Sgo1 are differentially regulated.
  • Microtubule attachments influence Sgo1 localization and activity.
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases and the kinetochore kinase Bub1 directly regulate Sgo1 phosphorylation and function.
  • Aberrant regulation of Sgo1 leads to errors in chromosome segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Sgo1's function at centromeres is precisely controlled by a network of regulatory inputs.
  • Microtubule attachments and specific kinases act in concert to ensure proper Sgo1-mediated cohesin protection.
  • This regulatory network is essential for maintaining genomic stability during cell division.