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Histological changes of high axial myopia
1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Eye (London, England)
|October 12, 2013
Summary
Highly myopic eyes exhibit significant anatomical changes, including scleral and choroidal thinning and macular defects. These alterations increase susceptibility to glaucoma and retinopathy.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Anatomy
- Pathology
Background:
- High axial myopia is characterized by excessive eye elongation.
- Understanding the pathological anatomical changes is crucial for managing complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the pathological anatomical alterations in highly myopic (axially elongated) eyes.
- To correlate these changes with potential complications of high myopia.
Main Methods:
- Examination of enucleated globes using light microscopy.
- Histomorphometric measurement of ocular structures.
Main Results:
- Progressive thinning of the sclera and choroid, most pronounced at the posterior pole.
- Macular defects including Bruch's membrane abnormalities and loss of retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris, and photoreceptors.
- Elongation and thinning of the peripapillary scleral flange, leading to cerebrospinal fluid space extension and altered optic nerve head structures (lamina cribrosa, Circle of Zinn-Haller).
- Development of a myopia-dependent parapapillary gamma zone.
Conclusions:
- Significant anatomical remodeling occurs in highly myopic eyes, affecting multiple ocular layers.
- These changes predispose individuals to complications like glaucomatous optic neuropathy and myopic retinopathy.
