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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Related Experiment Video

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Complex metabolically demanding sensory processing in the olfactory system: implications for epilepsy.

Diego Restrepo1, Jennifer L Hellier2, Ernesto Salcedo3

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden strong odors can trigger seizures by overexciting brain regions involved in smell. This suggests the olfactory system could be a useful model for studying epilepsy development.

Keywords:
EpilepsyOlfactionOlfactory bulbPiriform

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epilepsy Research
  • Olfactory System Function

Background:

  • The olfactory system is not typically linked to seizures.
  • However, intense olfactory stimulation can induce seizure activity.
  • This is hypothesized to result from hyperexcitability in the anterior piriform cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between olfactory system activity and seizure generation.
  • To explore the potential of the olfactory system as a model for studying epileptogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) with odors.
  • Analysis of ictal activity in the anterior piriform cortex.
  • Examination of GABAergic interneuron inhibition of pyramidal output cells.

Main Results:

  • Sharp odor application leading to widespread OSN activity can elicit seizures.
  • Increased ictal activity observed in the anterior piriform cortex.
  • Limited GABAergic inhibition of pyramidal output cells contributes to hyperexcitability.

Conclusions:

  • The olfactory system, particularly the anterior piriform cortex, exhibits hyperexcitability that can lead to seizures.
  • The well-characterized and accessible nature of the olfactory system makes it a promising model for investigating epileptogenesis.