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Quantitative magnetic susceptibility mapping without phase unwrapping using WASSR.

Issel Anne L Lim1, Xu Li2, Craig K Jones2

  • 1The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Neuroimage
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can now be performed using the WAter Saturation Shift Referencing (WASSR) method. This technique offers accurate magnetic susceptibility quantification without phase wraps, addressing limitations of current gradient recalled echo methods.

Keywords:
Algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squaresAmAmygdalaAnterior limb of the Internal CapsuleBody of the Corpus callosumBody of the Lateral VentricleCCCICNCOSMOSCSFCalculation of Susceptibility through Multiple Orientation SamplingCaudate NucleusCerebrospinal FluidConfidence IntervalCorpus CallosumDSDirect SaturationDirect saturationECEvePMExternal CapsuleField mappingFrontal portion of the Lateral VentricleGMGPGREGenu of the Corpus callosumGlobus PallidusGradient Recalled EchoGray MatterHippocampusHpICInternal CapsuleLSQRMTRMagnetic susceptibilityMagnetization Transfer RatioPhasePosterior limb of the Internal CapsulePtPutamenQSMQuantitative Susceptibility MappingQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)RNROIRed NucleusRegion of InterestSNSplenium of the Corpus callosumSubstantia NigraTRThThalamic RadiationsThalamusWASSRWAter Saturation Shift ReferencingWAter Saturation Shift Referencing (WASSR)WMWhite MatteraICbCbLVfLVgCpICsC“Everything” Parcellation Map from the Eve atlas at Johns Hopkins University

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Magnetic susceptibility of tissue influences local magnetic fields and frequencies within MRI voxels.
  • Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) typically uses gradient recalled echo (GRE) imaging to measure phase evolution.
  • Current QSM methods face challenges with phase wraps and magnetic field drift during lengthy scans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using the WAter Saturation Shift Referencing (WASSR) method for 3D whole-brain susceptibility imaging.
  • To develop a QSM approach that overcomes phase wrap artifacts and magnetic field drift issues.
  • To compare WASSR-based QSM with conventional phase-based multi-echo GRE QSM.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the WASSR technique, which uses direct saturation of water protons to generate frequency maps.
  • Acquired a series of fast, short-echo-time images with multiple radiofrequency offsets.
  • Applied frequency correction for field drift using individual image phases and automated atlas-based region delineation.

Main Results:

  • WASSR successfully generated frequency maps without phase wraps.
  • The method allowed for effective correction of magnetic field drift.
  • Calculated magnetic susceptibilities using WASSR showed good correlation with results from multi-echo GRE QSM at 3T.

Conclusions:

  • WASSR is a feasible and effective method for 3D whole-brain quantitative susceptibility mapping.
  • This approach provides an alternative to phase-based GRE methods, avoiding common artifacts.
  • WASSR offers a robust technique for accurate magnetic susceptibility quantification in neuroimaging.