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Ty element transposition: reverse transcriptase and virus-like particles.

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    Reverse transcriptase activity and virus-like particles were found in yeast cells with induced Ty elements. This suggests Ty elements and retroviruses may share a common origin, with reverse transcription occurring within these particles.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Yeast Genetics
    • Retrovirology

    Background:

    • Ty elements are retrotransposons found in yeast.
    • Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme crucial for retroviral replication.
    • The origin and replication mechanisms of Ty elements are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and activity of reverse transcriptase in yeast cells containing Ty elements.
    • To characterize the virus-like particles associated with Ty element activity.
    • To explore the relationship between Ty elements and retroviruses.

    Main Methods:

    • Induction of galactose-promoted Ty elements in yeast.
    • Cell fractionation to isolate particulate components.
    • Assays for reverse transcriptase activity.
    • Analysis of RNA and protein components within the particulate fraction.
    • Electron microscopy of yeast cells.

    Main Results:

    • Reverse transcriptase activity and virus-like particles were detected exclusively in yeast cells with induced Ty elements.
    • Reverse transcriptase, Ty RNA, and a Ty-specified protein cofractionated in a particulate fraction.
    • This complex synthesized a product homologous to the entire Ty element, indicating Ty RNA reverse transcription within the particle.
    • Virus-like particles were observed but appeared non-infectious, resembling intracisternal A-type particles and copia particles.

    Conclusions:

    • Ty RNA undergoes reverse transcription within virus-like particles in yeast.
    • Some chromosomal Ty elements in yeast may be defective, as they do not exhibit detectable reverse transcriptase activity.
    • Ty elements and retroviruses likely share a common evolutionary origin.