Dietary epigenetics in cancer and aging

Area of Science:

• Epigenetics
• Nutritional Science
• Oncology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Epigenetic aberrations are common in aging and cancer.
• Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible.
• Dietary interventions offer a promising avenue for managing epigenetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in the epigenetics of cancer and aging.
• To explore the role of dietary interventions in modulating epigenetic processes.
• To highlight the translational potential of these findings for human health.

Main Methods:

• Review of current scientific literature on epigenetics, aging, cancer, and diet.
• Analysis of studies on phytochemicals (e.g., sulforaphane) and calorie restriction.
• Synthesis of evidence regarding the impact of diet on epigenetic mediators.

Main Results:

• Phytochemicals from sources like cruciferous vegetables and green tea exhibit anticancer epigenetic effects.
• Calorie consumption quantity influences epigenetic mediators, impacting cancer prevention and lifespan.
• Dietary interventions are effective in preventing and treating age-associated diseases beyond cancer.

Conclusions:

• Epigenetic processes are crucial in aging and cancer and are amenable to dietary correction.
• Dietary quality and quantity (calorie intake) are key modulators of epigenetic health.
• Advances in dietary interventions for epigenetics have significant implications for public health and disease prevention.