Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

51.6K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
51.6K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.7K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.7K
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

37
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
37
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

32
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
32

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnostic Potential of Combined Skin Morphometric Analysis and Salivary Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers in Parkinson's Disease.

Cells·2026
Same author

Anxiety and depression as prodromes of Parkinson's disease: prospective findings from the Moli-sani study.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

In Memoriam of Prof. Mark Hallett (1943-2025).

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Early functional network alterations predict motor and cognitive decline in parkinson's disease.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Is segmental/multifocal onset a distinct presentation of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?

Journal of the neurological sciences·2025
Same author

The impact of diet on Parkinson's disease risk: A data-driven analysis in a large Italian case-control population.

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2025
Same journal

Gene Therapy for Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: Clinical and Imaging Outcomes in a French Cohort.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Predict Survival in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Vitamin B Deficiency as Potential Aggravating Factors in Huntington's Disease: A Prospective Monocentric Study.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Dynamics of Polyglutamine-Expanded ATXN3 in Biofluids of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Putamen Structural-Functional Decoupling as an Early-Stage Candidate Imaging Marker for Motor Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Melanopsin-Mediated Post-Illumination Pupillary Response in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson's Disease.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:29

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: November 7, 2025

616

Primary motor cortex long-term plasticity in multiple system atrophy.

Antonio Suppa1, Luca Marsili, Flavio Di Stasio

  • 1Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli, Italy.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intermittent and continuous theta-burst stimulation show impaired primary motor cortex plasticity in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) patients. Unlike healthy subjects, MSA patients did not exhibit expected changes in motor-evoked potentials after stimulation.

Keywords:
TMSmotor controlmotor cortexmultiple system atrophy

More Related Videos

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

8.8K
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
13:56

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Published on: November 19, 2014

19.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:29

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: November 7, 2025

616
Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

8.8K
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
13:56

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Published on: November 19, 2014

19.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Motor Cortex Plasticity

Background:

  • Intermittent and continuous theta-burst stimulation (iTBS and cTBS) induce long-term changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), reflecting plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor control, with potential alterations in cortical excitability and plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity in patients with Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) using theta-burst stimulation (TBS).
  • To assess if TBS responses in MSA patients correlate with M1 excitability measures like short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF), and input/output curves.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty patients with MSA and 20 healthy subjects (HS) underwent TBS (iTBS and cTBS) applied to the left primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle before and at multiple time points after TBS.
  • In a subgroup of MSA patients, M1 excitability was further assessed using SICI, ICF, SICF, and input/output curves.

Main Results:

  • While iTBS increased MEPs in all participants, cTBS-induced MEP decrease was observed only in healthy subjects (HS).
  • MSA patients, including subgroups with parkinsonian or cerebellar features, showed no significant MEP changes after either iTBS or cTBS.
  • MSA patients exhibited reduced SICI but normal ICF, SICF, and input/output curves compared to HS.

Conclusions:

  • Primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity is impaired in patients with Multiple System Atrophy (MSA).
  • The differential response to cTBS in HS versus MSA patients suggests a specific deficit in LTD-like plasticity mechanisms in MSA.
  • The findings indicate that TBS is a valuable tool for probing M1 plasticity deficits in MSA, independent of clinical features.