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Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

4.2K
The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

Whole Body Regeneration

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System
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Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System

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Liver regeneration by stem/progenitor cells.

Tohru Itoh1, Atsushi Miyajima

  • 1Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Liver regeneration involves compensatory hypertrophy and liver stem/progenitor cell (LPC) activation. Understanding these mechanisms, particularly LPC-niche interactions, is key for treating liver disease.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The liver possesses remarkable regenerative capacity, utilizing compensatory hypertrophy and adult liver stem/progenitor cells (LPCs) for repair.
  • Hepatocyte proliferation can be compromised in liver diseases, necessitating alternative repair mechanisms like LPC activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on liver regeneration mechanisms, focusing on LPC-mediated repair.
  • To discuss compensatory hypertrophy models and advancements in understanding LPCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on liver regeneration.
  • Discussion of new technologies and genetic approaches in mouse models.
  • Analysis of marker identification for LPC characterization.

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  • Examination of in vivo differentiation potential using genetic lineage-tracing.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of markers has facilitated LPC characterization and differentiation studies.
    • Studies have elucidated novel frameworks for LPC-niche interactions in liver regeneration.
    • New technologies have advanced the study of compensatory hypertrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding liver regeneration mechanisms, especially LPC roles, is crucial.
    • This knowledge can inform the development of therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.