Multiple dynamic transitions in nonequilibrium work fluctuations.

Area of Science:

• Statistical Mechanics
• Non-equilibrium Physics
• Complex Systems Dynamics

Background:

• Investigating the work probability distribution function P(W) is crucial for understanding energy fluctuations in driven systems.
• Rare-event probabilities in physical systems often exhibit complex, time-dependent behaviors.
• Anisotropic potentials and nonconservative forces introduce unique dynamics not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analytically investigate the time-dependent work probability distribution function P(W) for a 2D diffusing particle.
• To identify and characterize dynamic transitions in the rare-event probability tail of P(W).
• To elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for these observed dynamic transitions.

Main Methods:

• Analytical investigation of the work probability distribution function P(W).
• Focus on a diffusing particle in a 2D system subjected to an anisotropic harmonic potential.
• Inclusion of a nonconservative drift force to drive the system out of equilibrium.

Main Results:

• The exponential tail of P(W), which describes rare-event probabilities, exhibits a sequence of dynamic transitions over time.
• These transitions are characterized as 'locking-unlocking' phenomena.
• The transitions arise from the interplay between a rotational mode (from the nonconservative force) and an anisotropic decaying mode (from the conservative potential).

Conclusions:

• The study demonstrates novel dynamic transitions in the work probability distribution of a driven, trapped particle.
• These transitions are a consequence of competing rotational and anisotropic decaying modes.
• Similar multiple dynamic transitions are anticipated in a wide range of high-dimensional dynamical systems.